Universal origin of glassy relaxation as recognized by configuration pattern matching.

Relaxation processes are crucial for understanding the structural rearrangements of liquids and amorphous materials. However, the overarching principle that governs these processes across vastly different materials remains an open question. Substantial analysis has been carried out based on the motions of individual particles. Here, as an alternative, we propose viewing the global configuration as a single entity. We introduce a global order parameter, namely the inherent structure minimal displacement (IS Dmin), to quantify the variability of configurations by a pattern-matching technique. Through atomic simulations of seven model glass-forming liquids, we unify the influences of temperature, pressure and perturbation time on the relaxation dissipation, via a scaling law between the mechanical damping factor and IS Dmin. Fundamentally, this scaling reflects the curvature of the local potential energy landscape. Our findings uncover a universal origin of glassy relaxation and offer an alternative approach to studying disordered systems.

[Discussing the basic ecological relations of sand dune vegetation process]. / è®ºæ²™ä¸˜æ¤è¢«è¿‡ç¨‹çš„åŸºæœ¬ç”Ÿæ€å ³ç³».

Dune is often considered as a degraded ecosystem. Natural vegetation restoration and stable artificial vegetation construction are the basic means restoring dune ecosystem. Based on long-term study of dune ecosystem, by taking into consideration both the philosophical principles of unity of opposites and dynamic change, and related ecological theories, we put forward some ecological relations that should be paid attention to in the study of vegetation assembly from the perspective of the uniqueness of dune ecosystem. We discussed the necessity of coupling relationships of scale-pattern-process and the transformation of synergy-tradeoff relationships, interpreted the importance of distinguishing sand dune stabilized and shifting phases, disturbance and stress, wind erosion and sand burial in the study of vegetation process. We further explored the applied value of niche law or neutral law in the study of dune vegetation process. Finally, we discussed the issues that should be paid attention to in the study of dune vegetation process from the aspects of adaptability to aeolian activities and drought tolerance, physiological and reproductive process, sexual and asexual reproduction of plants. This study would provide theoretical supports for vegetation restoration and stable vegetation construction of dune ecosystem.

The impact of enhanced recovery after surgery on inflammatory indicators and prognosis related to complex appendicitis in children.

Objective: To explore the application effect of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) perioperative plan in the treatment of complex appendicitis in children, and further enrich the implementation plan of ERAS in the field of pediatric surgery. Method: This study selected 122 children who underwent laparoscopic complex appendectomy at Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Baotou Fourth Hospital from August 2018 to July 2022, and randomly divided them into a traditional surgery group (TS) and an enhanced recovery surgery group (ERAS). The changes of white blood cell (WBC), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), pro Calcitonin (PCT) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) before and after surgery were compared. The degree of pain, recovery time of intestinal function, length of hospital stay, hospital costs, postoperative complications and parental satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Result: The WBC and CRP levels in the ERAS group at 6 h after surgery, as well as the IL-6 levels on the 3rd day after surgery, were lower than those in the TS group. Meanwhile, the analgesic effect of ERAS group at 3 h and 6 h after surgery was better than that of TS group. And the ERAS group had a shorter postoperative first exhaust time, fewer overall hospital stays, and lower hospitalization costs. In addition, the ERAS group had high parental satisfaction during hospitalization. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups of children. Conclusion: ERAS can promote postoperative recovery of children, reduce surgical stress, save family medical expenses, alleviate the pain of children, and improve parental satisfaction. It is a safe and effective method for treating complex appendicitis in children.

Validity of Actigraph for Measuring Energy Expenditure in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the validity of the Actigraph triaxial accelerometer device in measuring physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) in healthy adults, with indirect calorimetry (IC) serving as the validity criterion. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and sportdiscuss databases, in addition to manual searches for supplementary sources. Search strategies were employed that involved conducting single keyword searches using the terms "gt3x" and "Actigraph gt3x". The literature search encompassed the timeframe spanning from 1 January 2010 to 1 March 2023. The methodological quality of the studies included in the analysis was evaluated using both the Downs and Black checklist and the Consensus-Based Criteria for Selection of Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. The meta-analysis was conducted using the Review Manager 5.4 software. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated and expressed as a 95% confidence interval (CI). The significance level was set at α = 0.05. A systematic assessment of the Actigraph's performance was conducted through the descriptive analysis of computed effect sizes. RESULTS: A total of 4738 articles were retrieved from the initial search. After eliminating duplicate articles and excluding those deemed irrelevant, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on a total of 20 studies, encompassing a combined sample size of 1247 participants. The scores on the Downs and Black checklist ranged from 10 to 14, with a mean score of 11.35. The scores on the COSMIN checklist varied from 50% to 100%, with an average score of 65.83%. The meta-analysis findings revealed a small effect size (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.50-0.52, p = 0.97), indicating no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis revealed a small effect size when comparing the Actigraph and IC, suggesting that the Actigraph can be utilized for assessing total PAEE. Descriptive analyses have indicated that the Actigraph device has limited validity in accurately measuring energy expenditure during specific physical activities, such as high-intensity and low-intensity activities. Therefore, caution should be exercised when utilizing this device for such purposes. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the activity counts measured by the Actigraph and the PAEE, indicating that activity counts can be utilized as a predictive variable for PAEE.

Elevational patterns of seed plants and the driving mechanisms in the Himalaya.

The Himalaya is an important biodiversity hotspot on earth, which is of great significance to study the elevational gradients in plant diversity and its influencing factors for further revealing the formation of biodiversity and conservation. In this study, we measured the elevational range of 11886 seed plant species and different growth-forms (7918 herbaceous species, 2587 shrub species, and 1388 tree species) in the Himalaya. Using the optimal fitted regression models, we found that species richness and phylogenetic diversity of seed plants in the Himalaya mainly showed unimodal curves with the increases of elevation. The species richness and phylogenetic diversity of all species, trees, shrubs and herbaceous species reached the maximum value at the elevation of about 2000, 1000, 1600 and 3000 m, respectively. The results of partial regression and hierarchical partitioning analysis showed that climate and topography together drove the elevational gradient in plant diversity. Among these, mean annual temperature and annual precipitation contributed greatly to the elevational pattern, while surface area ratio and topographic heterogeneity had little influence. Compared with all species and herbaceous species, the elevational gradients of trees and shrubs plants were affected to a greater extent by the interaction between climate and topography.

Approach to hyperuniformity in a metallic glass-forming material exhibiting a fragile to strong glass transition.

We investigate a metallic glass-forming (GF) material (Al90Sm10) exhibiting a fragile-strong (FS) glass-formation by molecular dynamics simulation to better understand this highly distinctive pattern of glass-formation in which many of the usual phenomenological relations describing relaxation times and diffusion of ordinary GF liquids no longer apply, and where instead genuine thermodynamic features are observed in response functions and little thermodynamic signature is exhibited at the glass transition temperature, Tg. Given the many unexpected similarities between the thermodynamics and dynamics of this metallic GF material with water, we first focus on the anomalous static scattering in this liquid, following recent studies on water, silicon and other FS GF liquids. We quantify the "hyperuniformity index" H of our liquid, which provides a quantitative measure of molecular "jamming". To gain insight into the T-dependence and magnitude of H, we also estimate another more familiar measure of particle localization, the Debye-Waller parameter 〈u2〉 describing the mean-square particle displacement on a timescale on the order of the fast relaxation time, and we also calculate H and 〈u2〉 for heated crystalline Cu. This comparative analysis between H and 〈u2〉 for crystalline and metallic glass materials allows us to understand the critical value of H on the order of 10-3 as being analogous to the Lindemann criterion for both the melting of crystals and the "softening" of glasses. We further interpret the emergence of FS GF and liquid-liquid phase separation in this class of liquids to arise from a cooperative self-assembly process in the GF liquid.

Effects of Footwear Selection on Plantar Pressure and Neuromuscular Characteristics during Jump Rope Training.

This study examined what footwear type influenced plantar pressure and lower extremity muscle activations in jump rope training. Ten healthy physical-education graduate students participated in this study. The biomechanical parameters during the jump rope training were collected by an AMTI force platform, a Novel Pedar-X insole and a wireless electromyography (EMG) system. The results of the force platform indicate that vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and contact time were much higher in the one-leg landing (both p = 0.001). The GRF, GRF (BW) and Lat MF pressure were significantly greater in the one-leg landing (p = 0.018, 0.013 and 0.027); the pressure of the Lat MF and H area were significantly greater in the volleyball shoe (p = 0.025, 0.031); the pressure of the Mid FF and Lat FF area were significantly greater in the jumping shoe (p = 0.005, 0.042). No significant difference in EMG was found between footwear and landing conditions. In summary, the running shoe and jumping shoe might be a better choice for people who exercise. However, the running shoe is recommended for people when both jumping and running are required.

An-Luo-Hua-Xian Pill Improves the Regression of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated with Entecavir.

Background and Aims: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can cause liver fibrosis and lead to cirrhosis and cancer. As the effectiveness of antiviral therapy to reverse liver fibrosis is limited, We aimed to evaluate the effect of An-Luo-Hua-Xian pill (ALHX) on fibrosis regression in CHB patients treated with entecavir (ETV). Methods: Treatment-naïve patients with CHB were randomly treated with ETV alone or combined with ALHX (ETV+ALHX) between October 1, 2013 and December 31, 2020. Demographic, laboratory, and liver histology data before and after 78 weeks of treatment were collected. The Ishak fibrosis score (F) was used and fibrosis regression required a decrease in F of ≥1 after treatment. Results: A total of 780 patients were enrolled, and 394 with a second liver biopsy after treatment were included in the per-protocol population, 132 in ETV group and 262 in ETV+ALHX group. After 78 weeks of treatment, the fibrosis regression rate in the ETV+ALHX group was significantly higher than that of the ETV group at baseline F≥3 patients: 124/211 (58.8%) vs. 45/98 (45.9%), p=0.035. The percentage of patients with a decreased liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was higher in the ETV+ALHX group: 156/211 (73.9%) vs. 62/98 (63.%), p=0.056. Logistic regression analysis showed that ETV combined with ALHX was associated with fibrosis regression [odds ratio (OR)=1.94, p=0.018], and a family history of hepatocellular carcinoma was on the contrary. (OR=0.41, p=0.031). Conclusions: ETV combined with ALHX increased liver fibrosis regression in CHB patients.

Handheld-Load-Specific Jump Training over 8 Weeks Improves Standing Broad Jump Performance in Adolescent Athletes.

This study investigated the effects of handheld-load-specific jump training on standing broad jump (SBJ) performance in youth athletes and the biomechanics changes involved. METHODS: Fifteen male athletes (mean age, body weight, height, and body mass index were 14.7 ± 0.9 years, 59.3 ± 8.0 kg, 1.73 ± 0.07 m, 19.8 ± 2, respectively) underwent 15 SBJ training sessions over 8 weeks. The data were collected over three phases: before training, after training, and after training with 4 kg loading. Ten infrared high-speed motion-capture cameras and two force platforms, whose sampling rates were 250 and 1000 Hz, respectively, were used to record the kinematic and kinetic data. Visual three-dimensional software was used for the data analyses. RESULTS: Jump performance and all biomechanics variables, including joint and takeoff velocities, ground reaction force, takeoff impulse, and mechanical outputs, improved after training. CONCLUSIONS: SBJ training under handheld loading resulted in considerable acute improvements as well as training transfer after 8 weeks. Moreover, explosive ability was effectively enhanced. The present findings serve as a reference for SBJ assessment and jump-related training.

Highly tunable ß-relaxation enables the tailoring of crystallization in phase-change materials.

In glasses, secondary (ß-) relaxations are the predominant source of atomic dynamics. Recently, they have been discovered in covalently bonded glasses, i.e., amorphous phase-change materials (PCMs). However, it is unclear what the mechanism of ß-relaxations is in covalent systems and how they are related to crystallization behaviors of PCMs that are crucial properties for non-volatile memories and neuromorphic applications. Here we show direct evidence that crystallization is strongly linked to ß-relaxations. We find that the ß-relaxation in Ge15Sb85 possesses a high tunability, which enables a manipulation of crystallization kinetics by an order of magnitude. In-situ synchrotron X-ray scattering, dielectric functions, and ab-initio calculations indicate that the weakened ß-relaxation intensity stems from a local reinforcement of Peierls-like distortions, which increases the rigidity of the bonding network and decreases the dynamic heterogeneity. Our findings offer a conceptually new approach to tuning the crystallization of PCMs based on manipulating the ß-relaxations.

Structural length-scale of ß relaxation in metallic glass.

Establishing the structure-property relationship is an important goal of glassy materials, but it is usually impeded by their disordered structure and non-equilibrium nature. Recent studies have illustrated that secondary (ß) relaxation is closely correlated with several properties in a range of glassy materials. However, it has been challenging to identify the pertinent structural features that govern it. In this work, we show that the so-called polyamorphous transition in metallic glasses offers an opportunity to distinguish the structural length scale of ß relaxation. We find that, while the glass transition temperature and medium-range orders (MROs) change rapidly across the polyamorphous transition, the intensity of ß relaxation and the short-range orders (SROs) evolve in a way similar to those in an ordinary reference glass without polyamorphous transition. Our findings suggest that the MRO accounts mainly for the global stiffening of the materials and the glass transition, while the SRO contributes more to ß relaxation per se.

Vibration assisted glass-formation in zeolitic imidazolate framework.

A new glass forming method is essential for broadening the scope of liquid and glassy metal-organic frameworks due to the limitations of the conventional melt-quenching method. Herein, we show that in situ mechanical vibration can facilitate the framework melting at a lower temperature and produce glassy metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with unique properties. Using zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-62 as a concept-proofing material, in situ mechanical vibration enables low-temperature melting at 653 K, far below its melting point (713 K). The resultant vibrated ZIF-62 glass exhibited a lower glass transition temperature of 545 K, improved gas accessible porosity, and pronounced short-to-medium range structures compared to the corresponding melt-quenched glass. We propose that vibration-facilitated surface reconstruction facilitates pre-melting, which could be the cause of the lowered melting temperature. The vibration assisted method represents a new general method to produce MOF glasses without thermal decomposition.

Synergistic Stimulation of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Stable Super-cooled Liquid and Quenched Glass.

Metal-organic framework (MOF) glasses are a fascinating new class of materials, yet their prosperity has been impeded by the scarcity of known examples and limited vitrification methods. In the work described in this report, we applied synergistic stimuli of vapor hydration and thermal dehydration to introduce structural disorders in interpenetrated dia-net MOF, which facilitate the formation of stable super-cooled liquid and quenched glass. The material after stimulus has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 560 K, far below the decomposition temperature of 695 K. When heated, the perturbed MOF enters a super-cooled liquid phase that is stable for a long period of time (>104 s), across a broad temperature range (26 K), and has a large fragility index of 83. Quenching the super-cooled liquid gives rise to porous MOF glass with maintained framework connectivity, confirmed by EXAFS and PDF analysis. This method provides a fundamentally new route to obtain glassy materials from MOFs that cannot be melted without causing decomposition.

Effects of Jump-Rope-Specific Footwear Selection on Lower Extremity Biomechanics.

Footwear is among the most important equipment in sports to decrease injuries and enhance performance during exercise. In this study, we investigated differences in lower extremity plantar pressure and muscle activations during jump rope activities. Ten participants performed jump rope under two landing conditions with different footwear. A force platform (AMTI, 1000 Hz), a Novel Pedar-X system (Nove, 100 Hz), and a wireless electromyography (EMG) system (Noraxon, 1500 Hz) were used to measure biomechanical parameters during the jump rope exercise. Vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF), plantar pressure, and lower extremity muscle activations were analyzed. One-leg landing resulted in a significantly greater vGRF and shorter fly time than two-leg landing (p < 0.05). A significantly higher peak pressure and lesser toe (LT) area pressure was shown with the jumping shoe (all p < 0.05), but lower plantar pressure resulted in the middle foot area (p < 0.05). The EMG results of tibialis anterior (TA) were significantly greater with one-leg landing (all p < 0.05) during the pre- and background activity (BGA) phases. The results suggest that plantar pressure distribution should be considered when deciding on footwear during jump rope exercises, but care should be taken with regards to recovery after repeated collisions and fatigue. The jumping shoe provides benefits in terms of decreased plantar pressure sustained during jump rope exercises.

[Principles and implementation of the integrated management of "mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sandland" in Horqin Sand Land, China]. / 科尔沁沙地"山水林田湖草沙"一体化治理原理及实施重点.

Integrated management of "mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sandland" has become an important concept of ecological environment construction in arid areas. Although some major projects have been implemented in the sand areas, but the scientific and technical principles of integrated management are not clear and have not been fully reflected in these projects. Considering such cases, we discussed the challenges, scientific principles, technical principles and implementation priorities of the integrated management of Horqin Sand Land. In Horqin Sand Land, the relationships between forest and farmland, forest and forest, forest and water, farmland and water, forest and grassland, sand land and water, farmland and grassland were not well coordinated, resulting in resource imbalance and low ecologic services. The integrated management should follow scientific principles and laws, including aeolian sand movement law, grassland interface theory, water resource balance theory, biodiversity maintenance theory, landscape ecology theory, and ecosystem services. At the technical level, the principles of water-sediment relationship coordination, landscape design optimization, prevention and control technologies and modes multi-directional synergia, natural and man-made landscapes harmonies, "production-ecological" space layout balance should be highlighted. The key points of integrated management should focus on the function improvement of sand dunes and shelter forests, the efficiency improvement of farmlands and grasslands, the ecological conservation of lakes, the greening and beautification of human settlements, the ecological restoration of engineering projects. This review could provide reference for the integrated ecological environment construction in Horqin Sand Land and the sand areas of northern China.

Association of HSD17B13 rs72613567: TA allelic variant with liver disease: review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To assess the association of HSD17B13 rs72613567:TA allelic variant with liver disease, we performed the current review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Seven studies were identified by a search of CNKI,CBM,MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases from inception to November 2021. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random effects model or fixed effects model based on the between-study heterogeneity. The Stata 14.0 software was employed for data analysis. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that the HSD17B13 rs72613567:TA allelic variant can decrease the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD) patients and viral hepatitis patients (TA vs T OR = 0.766, 95% CI = 0.682-0.860, P = 0.000; TATA + TAT vs TT OR = 0.755, 95% CI = 0.645-0.885, P = 0.001) or healthy controls(TA vs T OR = 0.649, 95% CI = 0.431-0.977, P = 0.038). Besides, the HSD17B13 rs72613567:TA allelic variant can also provide protection from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) not only in entire population (TA vs T OR = 0.669, 95% CI = 0.524-0.856, P = 0.001) but also in healthy people (TA vs T OR = 0.600, 95% CI = 0.464-0.777, P = 0.000). No significant publication bias found in this airticle. CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest HSD17B13 rs72613567:TA allelic variant can reduce the risk of HCC and NAFLD in the entire population studied.

Effects of Shoe Midsole Hardness on Lower Extremity Biomechanics during Jump Rope in Healthy Males.

This study investigated differences in lower extremity muscle activations and vertical stiffness during a 2.2 Hz jump rope exercise with different midsole hardnesses (45, 50, 55, and 60 Shores C). Twelve healthy male participants wore customized shoes with different hardness midsoles and performed jump rope exercises in a random order. A nine-camera motion analysis system (150 Hz), a force platform (1500 Hz), and a wireless electromyography (EMG) system (Noraxon, 1500 Hz) were used to measure the biomechanical parameters during the jump rope exercise. The biceps femoris %MVC of barefoot participants was significantly greater than that of those wearing the 45 Shores C (p = 0.048) and 55 Shores C (p = 0.009) midsole 100 ms before landing. The vastus medialis %MVC of barefoot participants was significantly greater than that of those wearing the 55 C midsole (p = 0.005). Nonsignificant differences in vertical stiffness were found between midsole hardnesses and barefoot. Lower extremity muscle activation differed between conditions. The results of this study indicate that for repetitive activities that entail multiple impacts, sports shoes with a low midsole hardness (e.g., 50 Shores C or 45 Shores C) may be appropriate. It is important to provide customers with information regarding midsole hardness in shoe product labeling so that they properly consider the function of the shoes.

Engineering Microdomains of Oxides in High-Entropy Alloy Electrodes toward Efficient Oxygen Evolution.

One important goal of the current electrocatalysis is to develop integrated electrodes from the atomic level design to multilevel structural engineering in simple ways and low prices. Here, a series of oxygen micro-alloyed high-entropy alloys (O-HEAs) is developed via a metallurgy approach. A (CrFeCoNi)97 O3 bulk O-HEA shows exceptional electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), reaching an overpotential as low as 196 mV and a Tafel slope of 29 mV dec-1 , and with stability longer than 120 h in 1 m KOH solution at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 . It is shown that the enhanced OER performance can be attributed to the formation of island-like Cr2 O3 microdomains, the leaching of Cr3+ ions, and structural amorphization at the interfaces of the domains. These findings offer a technological-orientated strategy to integrated electrodes.

Metallic Nanoglasses with Promoted ß-Relaxation and Tensile Plasticity.

The secondary (ß) relaxation is an intrinsic feature of glassy systems and is crucial for the mechanical properties of metallic glasses. However, it remains puzzling what structural features control the ß-relaxation fundamentally. Here, we use the recently developed nanoglasses exhibiting well-defined structural features at the nanometer scale to interrogate such structure-dynamics relations. We show that an electrodeposited Ni77.5P22.5 nanoglass exhibits promoted ß-relaxation and enhanced microscale tensile plasticity over the most rapidly melt-quenched metallic glass with the same composition. Structurally, the ß-relaxation is sensitive to the interfacial regions among grains in the nanoglasses. Our results reveal a clear correlation between the amorphous nanostructures and the ß-relaxation. It seems that the nanostructuring represents a novel route to obtain high-energy glassy states, that is, the inverse problem of the ultrastable glass.

Dynamic heterogeneity, cooperative motion, and Johari-Goldstein [Formula: see text]-relaxation in a metallic glass-forming material exhibiting a fragile-to-strong transition.

We investigate the Johari-Goldstein (JG) [Formula: see text]-relaxation process in a model metallic glass-forming (GF) material ([Formula: see text]), previously studied extensively by both frequency-dependent mechanical measurements and simulation studies devoted to equilibrium properties, by molecular dynamics simulations based on validated and optimized interatomic potentials with the primary aim of better understanding the nature of this universal relaxation process from a dynamic heterogeneity (DH) perspective. The present relatively low temperature and long-time simulations reveal a direct correspondence between the JG [Formula: see text]-relaxation time [Formula: see text] and the lifetime of the mobile particle clusters [Formula: see text], defined as in previous DH studies, a relationship dual to the corresponding previously observed relationship between the [Formula: see text]-relaxation time [Formula: see text] and the lifetime of immobile particle clusters [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we find that the average diffusion coefficient D nearly coincides with [Formula: see text] of the smaller atomic species (Al) and that the 'hopping time' associated with D coincides with [Formula: see text] to within numerical uncertainty, both trends being in accord with experimental studies. This indicates that the JG [Formula: see text]-relaxation is dominated by the smaller atomic species and the observation of a direct relation between this relaxation process and rate of molecular diffusion in GF materials at low temperatures where the JG [Formula: see text]-relaxation becomes the prevalent mode of structural relaxation. As an unanticipated aspect of our study, we find that [Formula: see text] exhibits fragile-to-strong (FS) glass formation, as found in many other metallic GF liquids, but this fact does not greatly alter the geometrical nature of DH in this material and the relation of DH to dynamical properties. On the other hand, the temperature dependence of the DH and dynamical properties, such as the structural relaxation time, can be significantly altered from 'ordinary' GF liquids.